Bhash Ontology Working Group
Upper-level classes and properties capturing shared Hedera and Hiero network concepts, including identity, governance, transactions, and data export semantics.
Bhash Core Ontology
Phase 2 expands the scaffold with account, key, staking, transaction lifecycle, and Hiero overlay abstractions reused by downstream service modules.
Consensus finality phase
Phase in which consensus nodes order the transaction and assign a consensus timestamp.
Consensus node
Validator node participating in Hedera consensus ordering and staking.
Hiero consensus layer
Hiero layer responsible for ordering transactions and coordinating validator sets.
Hiero execution layer
Hiero layer executing ordered transactions and maintaining state commitments.
Hiero service layer
Hiero layer exposing Hedera services (tokens, consensus topics, contracts) to applications.
Key list
Composite key structure enforcing threshold or multi-signature requirements.
Mirror export phase
Phase where consensus and balance data are exported to mirror nodes for querying.
Public key
Individual Ed25519 or ECDSA key associated with accounts, contracts, and services.
Threshold key
Key arrangement requiring a subset of signatures out of a larger list to authorise an action.
Transaction execution phase
Phase performing business logic and state transitions for the ordered transaction.
Transaction submission
Phase where a client signs and submits the transaction to a node.
Vote event
Governance decision capturing the voting record that authorises a change.
declines staking rewards
Boolean flag indicating the account opts out of receiving staking rewards.
governs
Relates a governance body to the network scope over which it has authority.
has account alias
Alias for the account, such as an EVM address or public key representation.
has layer
Associates a network with one of its Hiero layers.
has role
Associates an actor with a functional role it performs.
has shard
Relates a network to a Hiero shard subdivision.
operates service
Indicates that an actor is responsible for operating or providing a service.
source document
Reference link to Hedera or Hiero documentation that supports an ontology element.
stakes to
Denotes the validator that receives stake from an account.
Role
Responsibility or capacity that an actor can perform within the network.
consumes artefact
Associates a service with artefacts it reads or depends upon.
exposed on
Indicates the network or shard through which a service is made available.
has account ID
String identifier representing the canonical account ID (shard.realm.num).
has mandate
Textual reference to the charter, HIP, or policy that defines a governance body's authority.
has phase order
Ordinal index used to order transaction lifecycle phases.
has record
Links a transaction to the resulting record emitted after execution.
has transaction phase
Associates a transaction artefact with the lifecycle phases it traverses.
issues decision
Connects a governance process to the decision it issues.
manages artefact
Links a service to the artefacts whose lifecycle it controls.
occurs on
Identifies the network context in which a process executes.
precedes phase
Orders transaction phases within the lifecycle.
publishes dataset
Indicates that a mirror node publishes a dataset for consumers.
records stake
Indicates the staking event emitted by a staking process.
registered in
Indicates the canonical network where an artefact is recorded.
secured by
Connects an account to the key material that authorises its actions.
submitted by
Identifies the account that paid for or submitted the transaction.
targets validator
Identifies the validator being evaluated or activated by an onboarding process.
virtualises service
Relates a Hiero layer to the services it virtualises or hosts.
Governance process
Process through which councils or committees evaluate and ratify network decisions.
Hiero shard
Network partition within Hiero that localises consensus and execution responsibilities.
Node
Operational actor (consensus or mirror) providing network infrastructure.
Staking event
Event recording a staking action or reward distribution.
Staking process
Process that binds accounts to validator nodes and accrues staking rewards.
Validator onboarding process
Governance process that evaluates, approves, and activates validator participants.
has account
Relates an actor to an account under its control.
is account of
Links an account back to the actor that owns or controls it.
is governed by
Associates a network with the governance body that exercises authority over it.
is layer of
Links a Hiero layer to the network it belongs to.
is operated by
Associates a service with the actor accountable for running it.
is published by
Links a dataset back to the mirror node that publishes it.
is shard of
Indicates which broader network a Hiero shard belongs to.
participates in
Connects an actor to a process in which it takes part.
secures account
Indicates which account a key structure protects.
Mirror dataset
Dataset published by a mirror node exposing consensus records or account state.
Transaction
Signed payload submitted to the Hedera network that changes ledger state upon execution.
produces record
Indicates that a transaction phase emits a transaction record.
Governance decision
Recorded outcome of a governance process, such as an approved vote or mandate.
Mirror node
Data replication node exposing consensus history via REST and gRPC APIs.
Event
Bounded outcome or observation emitted by a process, typically recorded through mirror nodes or logs.
Governance body
Formal collective responsible for decision-making over network policy or operations.
Validator
Node operator that participates in consensus or execution for Hedera or Hiero networks.
produces event
States that a process yields a specific event observation.
Account key
Key material that authorises actions for accounts, topics, files, and tokens.
Concept
Abstract superclass for all Bhash ontology entities.
Hiero layer
Logical component of the Hiero architecture (consensus, execution, or service layer).
Transaction record
Structured record capturing the result of a processed transaction.
Service
A capability offered by the Hedera network such as consensus, token management, or smart contract execution.
Artefact
Digital object or state produced or managed by Hedera services (topics, tokens, files, smart contracts).
Process
Coordinated activity that changes network state, such as transaction execution or governance voting.
has participant
Relates a process to the actors that are associated with it.
Transaction phase
Segment of the transaction lifecycle (submission, consensus, execution, export).
Account
On-ledger identity storing keys, balances, and staking configuration for participation in Hedera services.
Actor
An agent that participates in Hedera or Hiero network operations, such as councils, operators, or wallets.
Network
A distributed environment (e.g., mainnet, testnet, shard) that provides Hedera services.